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India’s Maternal Mortality: Progress with a Long Road Ahead

  • Writer: calvin dsilva
    calvin dsilva
  • May 9
  • 2 min read

India has made notable progress in reducing maternal deaths. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) dropped from 130 (2014–16) to 93 (2019–21) — a significant step toward safer motherhood. But the journey is far from over.



Understanding MMR

An MMR of 93 means that 93 women die for every 100,000 live births within 42 days of pregnancy termination due to causes related to pregnancy or its management. These deaths are often preventable with proper medical care and awareness.

The National Picture

While some states are leading the way — Kerala with an MMR of 20 and Maharashtra at 38 — others still struggle. Madhya Pradesh (175) and Assam (167) report the highest MMRs, highlighting stark healthcare disparities across regions.

A majority of maternal deaths occur in women aged 20–29, the primary childbearing age. This not only affects families emotionally but also impacts communities and economies.


Top 3 State/Region

MMR (per 100,000 live births)

Bottom 3 State/Region

MMR (per 100,000 live births)

Kerala

20

Madhya Pradesh

175

Maharashtra

38

Assam

167

Telangana

45

Uttar Pradesh

151


A Global Perspective

Globally, maternal mortality is a critical issue:

  • In 2023, over 700 women died every day from preventable pregnancy-related causes — that’s one every two minutes.

  • Since 2000, the global MMR has dropped by 40%.

  • Yet, over 90% of maternal deaths occurred in low- and lower-middle-income countries, including India.

These figures underscore how closely maternal and newborn health are linked. Skilled care before, during, and after childbirth is essential — it can mean the difference between life and death for both mother and baby.

The Road Ahead: SDG Target 3.1

India is still the second-largest contributor to maternal deaths worldwide. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1 calls for reducing global MMR to below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.

To meet this target, India must:

  • Ensure institutional deliveries become the norm, especially in rural areas

  • Improve public awareness around maternal health

  • Expand access to quality antenatal and postnatal care

  • Invest in trained healthcare professionals in underserved regions

Conclusion

India's progress is real — but so is the ongoing challenge. With consistent policy focus, community awareness, and investment in healthcare infrastructure, maternal deaths can be drastically reduced. Every mother's life matters — and saving them must remain a national priority.

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